How Much Is the Company Worth

How Much Is the Company Worth One of the most important questions turned over and over by investors or acquirers during a deal involving a merger or an acquisition is on whether the purchase or investment will be beneficial to them or not. Is the company worth buying? Will the benefits of taking it over or merging with it be more than the cost that was incurred in the takeover or merger process? How long will it take for the buyers to recoup the costs they incurred in the deal? Shareholders are more concerned with the premium or return they will get out of the deal.These questions will never be answered unless the acquiring companies or investors are able to determine how much the target company is really worth. © Shutterstock.com | garagestockThis guide covers 1) an introduction to company valuation and 2) most commonly used  approaches to company valuation.COMPANY VALUATIONThe valuation, or the price that one party in an MA deal will pay for a company or a business, is, by nature, subjective. There are two parties involved in an MA deal: the acquiring company and the company being targeted for acquisition. Thus, it comes as no surprise that the value of a company will be seen from two perspectives.Seller’s point of view â€" The seller, or the shareholders of the target company, would want to value the company at the highest possible price, so they can get a higher premium.Buyer’s point of view â€" The buyer, or the investors or shareholders of the acquiring company, would want to get the target company for the lowest possible price, so they can maximize their returns later on.But what is the importance of determining what the target company is worth?As mentioned earlier, the main reas on why a company valuation should be done is that the investors or the acquiring company will know if the purchase will be beneficial to them, and eventually decide how much to offer for the target company.Complexity of ValuationYou may think that valuation is straightforward, as long as you have all the numbers and the source data. As it turns out, it is a far more complex exercise than that. What does it involve?Valuing the target company: This is the technical part, where you will have to choose a method to calculate or estimate the company’s worth. It also often involves looking into the target company’s financials.Synergy: Synergy is the potential and additional value that will result from the combination of two firms, or the acquisition of one firm by another. It could stem from the operations of the combined companies, or from financial sources, such as savings from tax and increased capacity to incur and handle debt. In this instance, the investor may opt to prepare valu ation while taking into account the built-in synergies, or the synergies that come with the target company.Control: This pertains to the management of the company. Control will also affect valuation because it is possible that the investor is motivated by control when valuing the company. Thus, they will pay more attention to the investment, dividend and financing policies at work. The extent to which they would look into the financials of the target company will also be influenced.Contributing Factors to MA ValuationIn company valuations, there are several factors that come into play. While there are some who are of the belief that valuation is purely a financial or mathematical exercise â€" where only equations and numbers matter â€" it is important to note that there are other, non-mathematical factors that affect it. Although the numbers resulting from a computation provide a starting point for the determination of the valuation, there are other items that should also be taken i nto account.The meeting point of cash flow and time. How long is the period needed in order for the acquiring company to get back its cost of investment, or the price that it paid for the purchase of the target company?The inherent risks that come with the target company. The business being acquired is sure to carry with it some associated risks. What are these risks, and how will they figure in the valuation? Will the risks be high enough that it would affect the value that the buyer would be willing to pay for the company?Economic risks faced by the target company. This is looking at the bigger picture, specifically the industry and the economy that the business operates under. Economic downturns are sure to have negative effects on all businesses, and these risks are to be considered when valuing a company’s worth.Potentials of the business. We are talking about the target company’s future prospects. Is it looking good? Are the numbers showing rapid growth and profitability i n the future?Negotiating skills. At the end of the day, valuation will largely depend on how good the parties are at negotiating. This is the reason why many businesses bring in the “big guns”, or the expert negotiators, in order to talk about company valuation.The last item will now bring to light one crucial question: who prepares the valuation?There are two options available: the first one would be for valuation to be prepared internally, (by the acquiring company) and the second option is to have independent professionals do it.Now, which is better? For purposes of objectivity, it would appear that the better option would be to have an independent professional do it. He is likely to be more objective and impartial, thanks to his independent nature. However, there is also nothing wrong with having your own people do it, especially if you are confident that they are knowledgeable, experienced, and more than competent when it comes to MA transactions.The recommendation of most experts in MA would be to do both, meaning that investor should prepare its own valuation, and have another valuation prepared by an independent professional. The two valuations may then be compared, and it will be easier to identify gaps or differences that can be easily bridged between the two perspectives.The 4X to 6X Valuation RangeSpeaking in general terms, there is a simple valuation range that is used in valuation:                                                                                             4x to 6x EBITDAIn the above range, EBITDA is the net earnings left over when you deduct expenses from revenue, excluding interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses.Say, for example, that a target company has EBITDA of $5 million. This would lead to a valuation of $20 million to $30 million.Take note that 4x to 6x is just the range, with the average, 5x, seen as the generally accepted industry standard. The 6x multiple is not the ceiling, however, because there a re instances where it can go above 6x. This is in the case of businesses that are highly profitable or show very rapid growth potential in an industry that is equally dynamic and promising when it comes to growth and profitability. Of course, we also cannot rule out the possibility that the negotiators may be so good at their jobs that they can raise the valuation â€" and negotiate it â€" at multiples higher than 6x.APPROACHES FOR PREPARING VALUATIONThere are more than several procedures used by companies to prepare valuations that are later used in various business transactions, not just MA. However, we can categorize these procedures into three valuation approaches.ASSET-BASED ApproachIn this approach, the attention is mostly on the assets of the target company. It is the approach that is chosen when the target company has a very low, sometimes even negative, value, particularly in terms of its status as a going concern. It could be that the company is not really making profits at all, or have sustained operating losses in recent years, so it shows no strength when it comes to profitability. Thus, the acquiring company would value it based on its assets instead of income. In short, it is the target company’s assets that will be valued separately.Many say that this approach provides the minimum benchmark when it comes to valuation in MA, and that is true. The method of purely basing the value on the assets of the company often results in the lowest valuation, even in the case of a target company that is doing relatively all right in making profits.Some of the most common procedures are:Net Asset Value Method: Net Asset refers to the remaining equity of the target company after its assets and liabilities have been adjusted to reflect the fair market value. That net value is the value of the business. In accounting, Net Asset is equal to Assets less Liabilities.Liquidation Value Method: The valuation of the company is equal to its liquidation value, or the pr esent value of the estimated proceeds from liquidating all its assets, after paying off its liabilities and other mandatory expenses.INCOME-BASED ApproachThis approach holds that the value of the company is equal to the present value of all the future benefits (income), after considering the inherent risks to these benefits, to the acquiring company. A discount rate will be applied in order to arrive at the net present value (NPV) of the company’s future income. It essentially answers the question: “how much should the investor pay today in order to receive a certain amount in n years?” Or “how much should the investor pay today in order to receive periodic, regular income amounting to x over a period of n years?”The most common procedures are:Capitalization of Earnings: This procedure requires looking into the historical earnings of the target company, and normalizing them in consideration with inherent risks that affect the growth of the company’s future income.Discoun ted Future Earnings: The projected future earnings of the target company is not really considered much in this method, since the acquiring company will discount that amount back to its present value.MARKET-BASED ApproachThis is a broader approach, since the valuation is with respect to the value of other, similar companies within the same industry and economy. In most cases, the comparison is made on several similar aspects of the companies, not necessarily the overall value. Compared to the Asset- and Income-based approaches, this is the one that is more commonly used in MA transactions.There are two variables that come into play:The companies to be compared. For companies to be comparable, they have to have similarities or parallelism. One way would be to narrow things down by comparing companies that belong to the same industry as the target company. Of course, it would not make sense to compare, for MA valuation purposes, an international airline carrier company to a fast-food c hain, even if it also operates internationally. In the same vein, it would also be more prudent to compare a publicly traded target company with other publicly traded companies. This also applies to size, since it does not seem fair to compare aspects of a multinational company to a domestic one.Aspects of the companies to be compared. Not all aspects of the companies will be relevant in valuation preparation. You have to choose those aspects that actually have an impact on the value or worth of the company. For example, the aspects to be compared may be their annual earnings, the total gross revenue, or even the book value of their capital assets.METHODS OF VALUATIONAlthough the 4x to 6x multiples are widely used by many businesses and even some of the tools mentioned in the three approaches, there are other methods or tools that are commonly used to assess the value of target companies.1. Price-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) MethodComparative ratios have proven to be very useful in va rious financial analysis, and they also come in handy when it comes to MA valuation.In this method, all the stocks of companies in the same industry are analyzed in order to get a good picture of the P/E ratio of the target company. The acquiring company will value the target company, and make an offer that is a multiple of the latter’s earnings.2. Enterprise-Value-to-Sales Ratio MethodThe buyer will make an offer using a multiple based on the sales of the target company. Usually, the multiple is arrived at after conducting a study on the prevailing price-to-sales ratio of other companies within the same industry.3. Replacement Cost MethodIn this method, the target company will be valued at its replacement cost. Replacement cost is defined as the “cost to replace the assets of a company”. In this context, it means the “cost to replace the target company itself”. A simple example would be when the investor makes an offer that is equal to the value of the capital assets and equipment, as well as the staffing and personnel costs of the target company.The downside for this method is that it is limited to companies whose assets and operations are purely quantifiable. Service providers are much harder to quantify in terms of their replacement costs.4. Discounted Cash Flow MethodThis method will have the preparers of the valuation taking a closer look at the target company’s estimated future cash flows, specifically the free cash flows. It will basically predict the free cash flows, based on historical cash flow data, and the estimated amount will be discounted to its present value, using the target company WACC, or weighted average cost of capital.Watch this video to learn more about the discounted cash flow method. For purposes of computation, free cash flows is computed:Operating Profit100Add back:Depreciation Expense10Goodwill Amortization515Total115Deduct:Capital Expenditures(12)Taxes (paid in cash)(4)Change in working capital(4)(20)Free Cash Flows                95Having so many methods available, with each of them having their own pros and cons, can be quite confusing for companies involved in MA, and there is a chance that that choose the wrong method and subsequently come up with a valuation that is not truly representative of the company’s worth. That is why there is a need for everyone to work together in choosing which method is most applicable.Ultimately, it is important to know that the value or worth of a company in any MA transaction is that amount which a buyer and a seller willingly agree on, leading them to conclude the transaction and close the deal. There are two elements that must be present: the buyer is willing to pay for it, and the seller is willing to accept that payment at that amount.So you have the numbers and the figures, backed up by the recommendation of MA experts and independent professionals. Due diligence investigation has been conducted thoroughly, and you were finally able to come up with a v aluation. Will this be enough to green light the deal?For some, perhaps the answer is yes. However, there is one other ingredient that should never be left out, and that is Common Sense. The investor should always exercise common sense and professional judgment, in combination with the cold and hard facts and numbers, in order to decide whether the valuation truly reflects the target company’s worth.

Famous Entrepreneurs Bill Gates, Paul Allen - 1626 Words

Synopsis Born on October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington, well-known entrepreneur Bill Gates began to demonstrate a curiosity in computer programming at age 13. Through technical modernization, enthusiastic business plan and aggressive business tactics, he and colleague Paul Allen built the worlds leading software enterprise, Microsoft. In the development, Gates became one of the wealthiest men in the world. Bill was avid reader as small boy, spending several hours pouring over research guides for example the encyclopedia. Close to the age of 11 or 12, Bills mom and dad did start to have got concerns concerning his habits. He has been successful within classes, yet he felt bored in addition to withdrawn sometimes. The mom and dad†¦show more content†¦In 1970, when Bill was 15 he became a partners with his friend Paul Allen. Him and his friend invented software, which was supervising traffic patterns in Seattle where he was from. That program was valued at $20,000. Bill Gates and Paul Allen were thinking about their own company on what his parents were telling him that his career is in law. In 1973 he enrolled at Harvard University on lawyer course from which he is really soon withdrawn as he wasn’t interested those subjects as much as he was interested in computers and software. He was spending more of his time working with computers than on class. Bill was sleeping three to five hours a night and then go to classes and managing to pass his subjects with good grades. In 1974 Bill Gates joined his friend Allen, who dropped from Washington University after two years of being there, at Honeywell Company. In summer 1974 while working there, Allan once found an article, which he showed to Gates was on Altair 8800 mini-computer kit. Boys were over exciting about how much potential and possibilities that program has for computer world. 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The Science Behind Smile - 1201 Words

Measures of Happiness and the Secret behind Smile In his article, â€Å"The Science behind the Smile†, Daniel Gilbert focuses on the various aspects, reasons and measures of happiness. Happiness, as he explains has now become a part of science which was previously studied only by psychologists. Giving it a scientific view, an economist studies happiness to coincide it with the theory of ‘wants’. When he gets to know the ‘wants’, he’ll be able to assume the demand which in turn will also help him in assuming the supply and overall managing of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Then there are neuroscientists studying happiness from a medical attitude, helping themselves to come up with conclusions; but how every discipline measures†¦show more content†¦A first distinction is between experienced and remembered well-being. Experienced well-being depends on moment-by-moment reports, usually of pleasure or pain, and remembered well-being is reported subsequently, and is hence based on memo ry. A second distinction relates to the time span of the emotion or event being experienced or remembered. For experienced well-being, the time span is momentary, but for remembered well-being, the report can relate to a past moment (how did you feel when something happened, or at noon), to the average for any particular event or time period, whether yesterday, last week, your last holiday, your just-finished colonoscopy, or to your life as a whole these days. A third distinction is between evaluations and emotional reports. An evaluation is inherently a judgment about something, while an emotional report is more simply the description of an emotional state. (John F. Helliwell and Shun Wang, 2012) The report found the following: ââ€" ª Happier countries tend to be richer countries. 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Tanglewood Case Two Free Essays

Tanglewood Case 2 Strategic Staffing (HR 594) Summer Session B comronf@gmail. com TANGLEWOOD CASE TWO ATT: Daryl Perrone After analyzing the data and performing an environmental scan it is clear that the demographics of Spokane, Washington will present you will problems filling vacancies based on the Equal Employment Opportunity requirements. Spokane is the second largest city in Washington and according to my research 84% of these people are white. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanglewood Case Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now The next largest minority group, Hispanic, is only at 5% and the third largest group is mixed races which is just 3. 8%. As you can see Tacoma, Washington is not very diverse and finding the enough competent employees from minority groups may be difficult given the fact that there are not that many to begin with. According to the Census Bureau, Tacoma’s percentages of non-white employment in both the fields of retail salespersons and first line supervisors for retail are low in comparison with the available workforce. This tells me that it is not just Tanglewood that is failing to hire minorities; the whole city of Tacoma needs to do a better job of increasing their minority incumbency percentages. Incumbency is a term used to describe that a position is being held and is often used by the human resource department to determine where and how demographic shifts are needed. Although your minority incumbency percent is well above the required 80% for department managers finding more minorities for positions with higher volumes of vacancy is going to be a huge problem. Your store associate minority incumbency percent is only at 65. 8% and in order to meet the requirements you need to do a better job of recruiting minorities to fill these positions. The percent of minority incumbency for shift leaders is also too low. As far as female incumbency percentages are concerned, the department manager position needs to be improved more than anything. It is quite clear that Tanglewood needs to hire more females for managerial positions and more minorities for entry level positions. According to my gap analysis, next year you are going to be extremely short of store associates and filling these positions according to the EEO will be a difficult task. Tell your managers that they need to get busy and prepare to hire 3,995 people for store associate level positions. You will also need to hire quite a few department managers; a total of 156. As far as shift leaders are concerned, only 90 people are needed for this position. There will be staff overloads for both assistant store managers and store managers. This means that perhaps some people will need to be let go and when doing so I recommend that you keep in mind the low incumbency percentage for females in the manager positions. Also remember that more minorities are needed for both store associates and shift leaders. In order to balance out your employment structure more, I have come up with a simple statement of action for hiring for Washington next year. The most important thing seems to be solving your problem of maintaining store associates. This year, 41% of your store associates left your company and in order to decrease this percentage you need to make sure that the employees are being taken care of properly. Some methods to retain more employees are by giving them more opportunities for advancement within the company, increasing their benefits package, proving higher wages, etc. Too many people at the entry level are giving up and this improving your ability to retain employees will prove to be beneficial to the company. Another major plan of action is to fill in more of the entry level positions with minorities. Your incumbency percentage for this category is really low and if you don’t fix this problem you are going to be facing a load of issues with the EEO. Unlike your problem with promoting women to management positions, your problem with providing low entry jobs for minorities is one that will require restructuring and time. Although there are not a lot of minorities in the area to fill these positions it is your company’s duty to do a better job of recruiting minorities. This means that you will need to change your recruitment practices and perhaps extend beyond Tacoma to find talent. Realistically I don’t see Tanglewood meeting the demands for minority incumbency for the store associate position in a single year. Hiring internally gives the current employees more hope and will improve the problem you are facing with keeping your employees loyal to the company. Although focusing primarily on internal promotions decreases the chance of finding a stellar employee, it will solve a lot of the current problems your company is facing. I recommend that you promote current females and minorities internally. This will keep more low entry level employees motivated to stay and also improve your problems with incumbency percentages as well. Wood himself mentioned in a recent interview with Business Monthly that, â€Å"Tanglewood really needs to slow down and take a hard look at our corporate culture†. He goes on by saying, â€Å"Right now, we need to consolidate and make sure we’re as close to the company’s original mission as we can be†. Taking this quote into consideration it is clear that the recent expansion increases have destroyed the relationship between the low level employees and Tanglewood. This does not merely apply to the Washington stores, but to rather the entire store as a whole. People are running in and out of this company and the only way to stop the large percentage of people quitting is by doing a better job of taking care of their needs. On a personal and professional level employees, especially at the low entry level, need to be Tanglewood’s top priority. Table 1. 1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrix| Current year| | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| Exit| Previous year| (1) Store associate| 0. 53| 0. 06| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 41| | (2) Shift leader| 0. 00| 0. 50| 0. 16| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 4| | (3) Department manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 58| 0. 12| 0. 00| 0. 30| | (4) Assistant store manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 06| 0. 46| 0. 08| 0. 40| | (5) Store manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 66| 0. 34| | | Forecast of availabilities| Next year (projected)| | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| Exit| | | Current Workforce| | | | | | | Previous year| (1) Store associate| 8,500| 4505| 510| 0| 0| 0| 3485| | (2) Shift leader| 1,200| 0| 600| 192| 0| 0| 408| | (3) Department manager| 850| 0| 0| 493| 102| 0| 255| | (4) Assistant store manager| 150| 0| 0| 9| 69| 12| 60| | (5) Store manager| 50| 0| 0| 0| 0| 33| 17| | | | | | | | | Gap analysis| Next year (projected)| | | | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| | Year end total(column sum)| 4505| 1110| 694| 171| 55| | External hires needed (current workforce-total)| 3995| 90| 156| 0| 0| WORKS CITED 1. Table 1. 1 , Markov Analysis Information by Tanglewood Casebook to Accompany Staffing Organizations, 7e 2. Table 1. 2 Determining Availability by Tanglewood Casebook to Accompany Staffing Organizations, 7e 3. Table 1. 3 Comparing Incumbency to Availability and Annual Placement Goals, by Tanglewood Casebook to Accompany Staffing Organizations, 7e 4. †Spokane Population and Demographics. † Area Connect. MDNH Inc. How to cite Tanglewood Case Two, Essay examples

Sandro Botticelli Example For Students

Sandro Botticelli Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in Painting3 Most Famous Artworks of Great Italian Renaissance Artist3.1 The Birth of Venus3.2 The Adoration of the Magi3.3 Madonna of the Pomegranate Biography On the highest pinnacle of glory, Sandro Botticelli was regarded as one of the most esteemed and honored Italian painters. Although this unique artist lived and worked during the period of the early Renaissance, the majority of his works of art has been truly appreciated during the preceding centuries. Such a great number of the unique characteristics of the artworks created by the Italian Renaissance painter will is the main reason why the personality of Sandro Botticelli, as well as his artistic legacy, will never be forgotten. Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, who is known as Sandro Botticelli, was born in the city of Florence situated in a gorgeous Italian region. The interesting thing that should be mentioned is the fact that this Florence is often named as the birthplace of the Renaissance. In turn, the majority of the researchers studying this cultural movement argues that Florence remains the center of the Renaissance art and its architecture. Although the actual birth date of Sandro Botticelli is unknown, a number of scholars working in the field of art claim that the prominent Italian painter was born in the period between 1444 and 1446. It is a well-known fact that Sandro Botticelli was an apprentice to a goldsmith who called the artist ‘Botticelli’ that means ‘a little barrel’. Then, the young shaver attended the studio of Fra Filippo Lippi, who was a distinguished Italian Renaissance artist as well. Lippi taught the young Botticelli how to make the paintings on frescoes and how to create the drawings on the wooden panels. At the beginning of his promising career, Sandro Botticelli painted the numerous frescoes for the churches and cathedrals in Florence. During that period, he worked with Antonio del Pollaiuolo, an Italian artist and engraver, and since 1470, the renowned painter had been working in his own workshop. In 1510, at the age of 65, Sandro Botticelli passed away. He was buried outside with the Ognissanti Church with the members of his family. Key Ideas in Painting First of all, during the years of his artistic success, Sandro Botticelli demonstrated a conservative approach to painting. Another important feature that should be mentioned is the greatest color set among the painters working during the second half of the 15th  century. The most common pigments included the verdigris (copper green), cinnabar, ultramarine, red, malachite, red lake, and carbon black. However, while creating his artworks, Sandro Botticelli mainly used three basic colors red, white, and yellow. As it was mentioned above, Botticelli was greatly influenced by his first teacher Filippino Lippi. The evidence of such a significant impact can be found in the paintings of the Italian Renaissance artist. If you are interested, pay attention to the linear style, subtle colors of pigment, and the idealized, as well as a slightly melancholic, image of the feminine beauty. The important thing that should be noted is the fact that the painting style of Botticelli was highly influenced by the other Italian Renaissance artists that included Domenico Ghirlandaio, Perugino, and Verrocchio. While developing his distinct painting style, the Italian painter focused his attention on the religious and mythological themes. Most Famous Artworks of Great Italian Renaissance Artist It is a common knowledge that the creative legacy of the prominent Italian Renaissance painter includes a significant number of the drawings. The interesting thing that should be mentioned is the fact that the major part of paintings created by Sandro Botticelli is related to the theological and mythological themes. .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .postImageUrl , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:hover , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:visited , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:active { border:0!important; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:active , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Giotto di BondoneList of Famous Religious Paintings: Coronation of the Virgin (1490); BarnabasAltarpiece (1488); Adoration of the Magi(1476); Augustine(1488); Adoration of the Kings(1473); The Madonna of the Pomegranate (1487); The Madonna of the Magnificat(1482). List of Famous Mythological Paintings: Primavera(  1477–82), Pallas and the Centaur(  1485), Venus and Mars  (  1485) The Birth of Venus  (  1485) The Calumny of Apelles (  1495). The Birth of Venus This particular painting was created as a wedding present for the Medici family. The interesting thing that this drawing was one of the first attempts of the artist to use tempera on canvas. At first glance, it may seem that Sandro Botticelli created this masterpiece on the basis of the Roman legend entitled ‘The Birth of Venus’. Although this painting has a strong relation to the Ancient Roman mythology, the artist introduced his own form of visual poetry. The reason for this issue is the fact that the setting depicted in the picture and the plot of the classical poem have almost nothing in common. And if you look carefully, you may notice that this painting is created by means of the linear technique. In this case, Sandro Botticelli attempted to avoid using shade or light. The Adoration of the Magi ‘The Adoration of the Magi’ is another famous painting that was created by Sandro Botticelli in 1475. In the picture, the author depicted the members of the Medici family. Some researchers believe that this masterpiece emphasizes a great significance of the Medici family that made a great contribution to the culture of the Renaissance period. What is more, the members of the Medici family were regarded as the patrons of the Italian Renaissance art. However, when you look at the painting, the first thought that comes to your mind is that, in this work of art, Botticelli represented the religious theme as well. This drawing reveals one of the most important scenes that can be found in the Bible. In the painting, we can see three wise men or ‘Magi’ kneel in worship before the Holy Family (Christ, Mary and Joseph) and offer them gifts. You may have noticed that the original author of this painting depicted himself on the far right-hand side. Madonna of the Pomegranate ‘Madonna of the Pomegranate’ is the following famous artwork of Botticelli that was created in 1487. It is evident that this painting implies a particular religious motivation.

Levi Strauss Sweatshops free essay sample

An analysis of Chinas current use of sweatshops in order to keep up with international production demand, and Levi Strauss involvement in this issue. The free trade and free trade zones brought about by NAFTA and the World Trade Organization have returned many Chinese workers to conditions that are essentially sweatshops. This paper studies the case of Levi Strauss Co.s involvement in initially producing apparel manufactured in Chinese sweatshops, but when realizing their mistake, by claiming ignorance, went about to rectify the problem by initiating the first corporate code of responsible contracting. The paper also studies what brought about Levis social consciousness. China had been notorious for its exploitation of workers. And according to Trim Bissell, national coordinator, Campaign for Labor Rights, Chinas repressive apparatus made it impossible to find out about labor practices in that country. We will write a custom essay sample on Levi Strauss Sweatshops or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page LS should be given a black mark against them for being attracted by Chinas cheap labor in the first place and therefore implying an acceptance and agreement to the sweatshop practices that abound in that country. But they also get positive points because they ultimately did endorse the set of principles, which they would not have done unless they recognized a need for some way to protect the rights of workers in their the factories to which they source. And because Levi Strauss Company agreed to the set of principles as they relate to Chinese workers, they also have forbidden their Chinese facilities and suppliers (as part of the agreement within the principles) from engaging in any discriminatory practice against employees because of their participation in labor, political, or religious activities, meaning they also want to make sure workers arent punished because the suppliers have to follow LSs code.

Free Essays on Michelangelo

Michelangelo Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo’s poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo’s sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it’s many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo’s main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sense of what the tomb was to look like, since over the years it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life- representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope’s tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco th e ceiling of t! he Sistine Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists of four large triangles at the corner; a series of eight triangular spaces on the outer border; an intermedi... Free Essays on Michelangelo Free Essays on Michelangelo Michelangelo the Optimistic Artist Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo’s poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo’s sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it’s many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo’s main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sense of what the tomb was to look like, since over the years it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life- representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope’s tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists... Free Essays on Michelangelo Michelangelo Buonarroti was born the second of five brothers on March, 6,1475 in a small village called Caprese, in Tuscany. Buonarroti's mother, Francesca Neri, was too sick and frail to nurse Michelangelo, so he was placed with a wet nurse, in a family of stone cutters, where he, "sucked in the craft of hammer and chisel with my foster mother's milk. When I told my father that I wish to be an artist, he flew into a rage, 'artists are laborers, no better than shoemakers." Michelangelo’s mother died when he was only six years old, and his father, recognizing his intelligence sent him off to a boarding school. As a child, Michelangelo was moody, secretive, distrusted people, and was quick to burst into fits of anger. His father was a minor official of Florence, with connections to the ruling Medici family. When Michelangelo turned 13-years old agreed to apprentice in the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio shocking and enraging his father. After about one year of learning the art of fresco, Michelangelo went on to study at the sculpture school in the Medici gardens and shortly thereafter was invited into the household of Lorenzo de' Medici, the Magnificent. During the years he spent in the Garden of San Marco, Michelangelo began to study human anatomy. In exchange for permission to study corpses, something forbidden by the church, those who gave him permission received a wooden crucifix, carved exquisitely with Christ’s face. His contact with the dead bodies caused some health problems in him, which led to constant interruptions of his studies. By the time he was sixteen, Michelangelo had sculpted both the Battle of the Centaurs, and the Madonna of the Stairs. After the death of Lorenzo de’ Medici, Michelangelo’s generous patron and the father figure in his life, Florence was divided as many political parties fought for command. Michelangelo moved to Rome where he was able to examine many newly unearthed classical st... Free Essays on Michelangelo Michelangelo was born in 1475 in Caprese, Italy. He considered himself a citizen of Florence and requested that his body be buried there upon his death, which it was in 1564. If between these years, Michelangelo made his mark upon are through his painting, sculpture, architecture, and even poetry to become one of the greatest artists on of all time. At age 13 he began studying with the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio, best known for his frescos in the Sistine Chapel depicting the calling of the first apostles, Peter and Andrew. After 2 years with Ghirlandaio, Michelangelo moved on to the Medici gardens where he learned sculpture. The Medici were one of the ruling families of Florence and he became acquainted with two future popes, Leo X and Clement VII. The early style of Michelangelo is best portrayed by his statue of David, of David and Goliath fame, which he produced from 1501 to 1504 in Florence. The fiery intensity clearly visible on David’s face is a trademark of both Michelangelo’s work as well as his personality and work ethic. Shortly after completing David, Michelangelo was recalled to Rome for two commissions by Pope Julius II. The first of these was Julius’ actual tomb, which was planned to be the most grandiose tomb of its day. Some of Michelangelo’s finest sculpture work is shown here, including the statue of Moses, the Bound Slave, and the Dying Slave. The second commission for which Michelangelo was recalled was perhaps his most famous painting work ever, the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. Here he lay face up on scaffolding high above the floor of the chapel and painted from 1508 until 1512. Most notable on the ceiling are the 9 scenes from the book of Genesis, the opening chapter of the Bible. These scenes include God creating darkness and light as well as Adam and Eve and the Flood. These scenes are surrounded by numerous other old testament subjects as well as the ancestors of Jesus Chri... Free Essays on Michelangelo Michelangelo Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo’s poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo’s sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it’s many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo’s main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sense of what the tomb was to look like, since over the years it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life- representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope’s tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco th e ceiling of t! he Sistine Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists of four large triangles at the corner; a series of eight triangular spaces on the outer border; an intermedi...